and Mitchison, R. (1985) The History of Scotland, Routledge, p. 48

It fell back on the traditional Celtic system of petty principalities, … Before the Germanic invasions .

The Anglo-Saxon conquest of England began in the middle of the 5th century. In 597, the first Anglo-Saxon king, Aethelbert of Kent, received holy baptism and allowed missionaries to preach freely. At that time England was inhabited by the Celts. ^ The area of Lothian in modern Scotland was also anglicised in this period, following the conquest of the British 'kingdom' of Manau Gododdin.

The idea that the Britons had wholly forgotten all that pertains to the art of war under the Roman dominion is not tenable, for the legions in the country were largely recruited from the Britons themselves. The Anglo-Saxons had brutal corporal and capital punishments at their disposal, including 'the ordeal' and grisly mutilations. 1. Back to the Syllabus.

Norman Conquest; English history opens with the Anglo-Saxons. New Christian laws brought peace …

Such a land was Britain after the Roman evacuation.

Historic sovereign kingdom on the British Isles (927–1649; 1660–1707) Anglo-Saxon England was early medieval England, existing from the 5th to the 11th centuries from the end of Roman Britain until the Norman conquest in 1066.

It formed part of the Anglian kingdoms of Bernicia and Northumbria, only becoming a part of Scotland as late as 1018, when a recent Scottish annexation was recognised by the English. See: Fry, P.S. It consisted of various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms until 927 when it was united as the Kingdom of England by King Æthelstan (r. 927–939).

Celts - Prior to the Germanic invasions Britain was inhabited by various Celtic tribes who were united by common speech, customs, and religion. But the withdrawal of the Romans left the country without any centralised government. Gradually, Christianity spread roots, transforming the society of former barbarians into a strong, flourishing nation. England before the Germanic migration. For more than 360 years the Romans had ruled them. However Roman rule in England was really only superficial. It became part of the short-lived North Sea Empire of Cnut the Great, a personal union between England, Denmark and Norway in the 11th century. Each tribe was headed by a king and was divided by class into Druids (priests), warrior nobles, and commoners. Anglo-Saxon England. They were the first people we would describe as English: they gave their name to England (the ‘land of the Angles’); modern English began with, and developed from, their speech; the English monarchy stretches back to the 10th century; and England was unified, or created, throughout the 600 years that they dominated Britain.